Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinquma impumelelo yesikhathi eside yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wezimboni emakethe yomhlaba wonke enokuncintisana okukhulu namuhla. Lapho imishini isebenza ngendlela ephezulu, amabhizinisi athola izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi kakhulu, umkhiqizo omkhulu wokukhiqiza, kanye nekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe yomkhiqizo wokugcina ethinta ngqo ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Ngokuphambene, imishini engasebenzi kahle iholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okumosha, ukwehla okungahleliwe kokungasebenzi, kanye nokuncipha kokuncintisana okungadla inzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezimbonini ezincike kakhulu emishinini enzima njengezinhlelo ze-hydraulic, amaphampu, kanye neziphini, isidingo sokusebenza kahle siba nzima kakhulu futhi sibe nemiphumela yezezimali. Izinkampani ezinjengeJinan Yuande Machinery Co., Ltd. ziyayiqonda leli qiniso ngokujulile, njengoba zigxile ekukhiqizeniamahydraulic cylinders enziwe ngokwezidingo kanye nama-oil cylinders ezithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwemishini ezinhlelweni eziningi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuqonda ukuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwemishini akusiyona nje indaba yezobuchwepheshe kodwa kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sebhizinisi esidinga ukunakwa ngabaphathi nabasebenzi ngokufanayo.

Ukufuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kudinga indlela ebanzi, ehlelekile ebheka izici zabantu kanye nezingxenye zobuchwepheshe kuyo yonke inhlangano. Abasebenzi kumele bathole uqeqesho olufanele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemishini ngendlela efanele, izinhlelo zokulungisa kumele zilandelwe ngokuqinile ngaphandle kokweqa izinyathelo, futhi imishini kumele ihlolwe njalo ukuze kutholakale izinguquko ezihlanganisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yanamuhla. Emkhakheni wokuncintisana wanamuhla lapho izinzuzo zihlala zingaphansi kwengcindezi, ngisho namaphesenti amancane okuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kahle angaholela ezinzuzweni ezinkulu zezimali ezinyangeni naseminyakeni yokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini esebenza kahle inikela ngqo ezinhlosweni zokusimama kwezinkampani ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukumosheka kwezinto, kanye nokwehlisa umthelela wemvelo wemisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Lesi sihloko sisebenza njengomthombo wezemfundo wochwepheshe bezimboni, abaphathi bezimboni, kanye namathimba okulungisa afuna ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo, izinqubo eziqinisekisiwe, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvelayo obuqhuba ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yangempela. Ekupheleni kwalo mhlahlandlela ophelele, abafundi bazoba nolwazi olusebenzisekayo kanye namasu aqondile abangawasebenzisa ngokushesha ezindaweni zabo zokusebenza ukuze bathole intuthuko engenakulinganiswa.

Isizulu: Isizathu esivame kakhulu futhi esingenakugwenywa sokuncipha kwempumelelo yemishini ukuguga okungokwemvelo okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, okuqhubekayo kwemishini yezimboni izikhathi ezinde. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye ezinyakazayo njengama-bearing, ama-piston, nama-shaft seal kwehla kancane kancane izindawo ezithintanayo, okuholela ekwandeni kokumelana, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, nokwehla okuhamba kancane kokusebenza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingxenye ezibalulekile ezihlanganisa ama-bearing, ama-seal, ama-hydraulic cylinder, namabhanti okushayela alahlekelwa ukubekezelelana kwazo kwasekuqaleni, okubangela ukuvuza kwangaphakathi, ukungahambisani, ukudlidliza, nokudluliswa kwamandla okungasebenzi kahle. Uma lezi zinkinga zingalungiswa ngokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, ukuguga kushesha ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwemishini okuyinhlekelele okumisa ukukhiqiza ngokuphelele. Ukuqapha okuvamile ngokuhlolwa okuhleliwe nokungenelela ngesikhathi ngezingxenye zokushintsha ezisezingeni eliphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu ukulwa nemiphumela engenakugwenywa yokuguga nokuklebhuka emishinini yezimboni.

Imithetho yokunakekela engafanele ingomunye womthelela omkhulu futhi ovikelekile ngokuphelele ekungasebenzi kahle kwemishini okubonwa ezikhungweni eziningi zezimboni emhlabeni wonke. Izinkampani eziningi ngeshwa zisebenzisa izindlela zokunakekela eziphendulayo noma zokulungisa lapho kwephuka khona, zilinde ngokungenzi lutho kuze kube yilapho imishini ihluleka ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuthatha izinyathelo zokulungisa. Le ndlela yokubheka izinto ngokufushane ayikhulisi nje kuphela isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe esibizayo, kodwa futhi iholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kanye nokulungisa okubiza kakhulu kunalokho obekungadingeka ngokunakekela okuvimbelayo. Ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi buphinde bukhulise inkinga yokusebenza kahle, njengoba izizukulwane ezindala zemishini zingakwazi ukufeza amazinga okusebenza emishini yesimanje, elawulwa ngedijithali etholakala namuhla. Ukwengeza, ukuqeqeshwa okunganele kwabasebenzi kanye nokubhalwa okungafanele kwezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kuholela ekusebenzeni kwemishini okungahambisani, ukucindezeleka okungadingekile ezingxenyeni, kanye namathuba okuthuthukisa angasetshenziswa okunqwabelana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zinkinga zibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-hydraulic, lapho nokungcola okuncane koketshezi, i-viscosity engafanele, noma izingcindezi ezingalungile kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemishini futhi kusheshise ukuguga kwezingxenye.

Ukuqalisa uhlelo lokunakekela oluphakeme oluhleliwe luyisisekelo esiqinile sokuthola nokugcina ukusebenza kahle kwemishini emkhakheni wezimboni, kungakhathaliseki umkhakha noma uhlobo lwemishini. Izinhlelo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile ezilandela izincomo zomkhiqizi kanye nomlando wokusebenza zivumela amathimba okunakekela ukuthi abone izinkinga ezingaba khona njengokungahambisani, ukudlidliza, ukuvuza, noma umsindo ongajwayelekile ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizinkinga ezinkulu. Ukugcoba kahle kwezingxenye ezihambayo ngokusebenzisa uhlobo olufanele lwe-lubricant, inani, kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kungenye yezindlela ezilula kodwa ezinamandla kakhulu zokunciphisa ukungqubuzana, ukulawula ukushisa, nokwandisa impilo yemishini ngokuphawulekayo. Izingxenye ezibonisa izimpawu zokuguga ezilinganisekayo ngokuhlola kufanele zishintshwe ngokushesha kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezihlangabezana noma ezedlula izimiso zomkhiqizi wokuqala ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okusebenza aklanyelwe. Emishinini ye-hydraulic ikakhulukazi, ukugcina uketshezi oluhlanzekile ezingeni elifanele, ukushintsha izihlungi ngezikhathi ezinconyiwe, nokuhlola njalo isimo kawoyela kuyimikhuba ebaluleke kakhulu yokugcina ukusebenza kahle nokuvimbela umonakalo obizayo. Izinkampani ezitshala imali enkulu ezinhlelweni eziphelele zokunakekela zibika njalo izilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zokuthembeka kwemishini kanye nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zobunikazi ngokuphelele empilweni yemishini.

Ngaphezu kwezisekelo zokugcinwa okuyisisekelo, izinhlangano kufanele zisungule izinhlelo ezinemininingwane yokubhala kanye nezindlela zokulandelela ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinto zokusebenza ezimbonini ezisemgwaqweni wefekthri. Umshini ngamunye kufanele ugcine irekhodi eliphelele lokugcinwa elibhala konke ukuhlolwa okwenziwe, ukulungiswa okuqediwe, izingxenye ezishintshiwe, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuphawula okungajwayelekile okuphawulwe ochwepheshe. Lolu lwazi olunqwabelene lomlando luba yigugu ekutholeni amaphethini aphindaphindayo okwehluleka, ukulungisa izikhathi zokugcinwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sangempela kunekhalenda elinqunyiwe, kanye nokuthethelela izinqumo zokushintsha izinto eziyinhloko ngobufakazi obuyiqiniso. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi kufanele zigcizelele izinqubo ezifanele zokuqala nokumisa, izindlela ezifanele zokulayisha, kanye nezimpawu zokuxwayisa ezikhombisa izinkinga ezikhulayo, njengoba izikhathi zokushintsha zivame ukubangela ukuguga okungalingani kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa imiyalelo esemthethweni yokusebenza enohlu olucacile lwezinto okufanele zenziwe kuqinisekisa ukuvumelana phakathi kwama-shift ahlukene, abasebenzi, namazinga amakhono, kuqedwe ukuhluka okunciphisa izinzuzo zokusebenza kahle. Ezingxenyeni eziyisipesheli njengama-hydraulic cylinder, ukusebenza ngqo nabakhiqizi abanolwazi abanjengoJinan Yuande Machinery Co., Ltd. zinganikeza ukufinyelela okubalulekile ekuqondiseni kochwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe mayelana nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokunakekela ezenzelwe ukuhlelwa kwemishini ethile.

I-IoT, eyaziwa nge-Internet of Things, isunguleke njengenye yezinto eziguqula kakhulu umkhakha wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yezimboni kuyo yonke imikhakha yokukhiqiza. Izinzwa ze-IoT zingafakwa ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomshini ukuze ziqhubeke ziqaphe amazinga okudlidliza, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo, ingcindezi yohlelo, izinga lokugeleza koketshezi, kanye neminye imingcele eminingi ebalulekile yokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela. Lo mfula oqhubekayo wedatha yokusebenza ugeleza ngaphandle kwezintambo uye ezinkundleni zokuhlaziya ezigxile lapho ama-algorithms athuthukile ehlonza amaphethini amancane kanye nezinto ezingavamile ezingase zingabonwa ngabasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuvamile. Lapho izinzwa ziphambuka kakhulu kumanani asunguliwe, izinhlelo zokwazisa ezizenzakalelayo zisheshe zazise abasebenzi abagcina imishini ngezinkinga ezikhulayo ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ukuma komkhiqizo. Umphumela uwukushintsha okukhulu kusuka ekulungiseni okusabelayo ukuya ekulungiseni okusebenzayo, okusekelwe esimweni lapho izinkinga zilungiswa esigabeni sokuqala. Ukuqapha isimo okwenziwa yi-IoT kuye kwaba usizo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zoketshezi, lapho izinguquko ezincane ekuhlukaneni kwengcindezi, izitayela zokushisa, noma amazinga okungcola koketshezi zivame ukunikeza izimpawu zokuqala zokuxwayisa ngokuhluleka kwezingxenye ezizayo.

Ukubikezela ukugcinwa kwemishini kanye nokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni kumelela umkhawulo olandelayo ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwezindlela zokwenza kahle ukusebenza kwemishini ezinhlanganweni ezibheke phambili. Ukubikezela ukugcinwa kwemishini kusebenzisa ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi okufunda ngomshini ahlola kokubili amarekhodi omlando wokugcinwa kwemishini kanye nedatha yesenzwa yesikhathi sangempela ukuze kubikezelwe ngokunemba okumangalisayo lapho izingxenye zemishini ezithile zingase zehluleke. Leli khono elithuthukile lokuhlaziya livumela izinhlangano ukuthi zihlele ukungenelela kokugcinwa kwemishini ngezikhathi ezifanele kakhulu, njengaphakathi kwezikhala zokukhiqiza ezihleliwe, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuphazamiseka ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza kanye nemigomo yokukhiqiza. Ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kuqhubekisela phambili ukusebenza kahle jikelele ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo yokusebenza ekahle ngaphandle kokuhluka okulethwa ukungenelela komuntu. Izinhlelo zokuthambisa ezenzakalelayo, isibonelo, ziletha amanani alinganiselwe ngokunembile okokuthambisa ku-bearing ngayinye kanye nokuhlangana ngezikhathi ezinembile ngaphandle kokudinga ukunaka komsebenzi noma ukubeka engcupheni iphutha lomuntu. Lapho lobu buchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe buhlanganiswa ngempumelelo futhi buhlanganiswe, izimboni zokukhiqiza zinganciphisa ukuvalwa okungahleliwe okungafika ku-50 ekhulwini ngenkathi kanyekanye kwandisa impilo yesevisi yemishini ebalulekile futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa kwemishini.

Umkhakha omkhulu wokukhiqiza izimoto osebenzisa imigqa eminingi yokucindezela i-hydraulic usebenzise inethiwekhi ephelele yezinzwa ze-IoT emishinini yabo ebalulekile futhi bathola imiphumela emangalisayo phakathi nezinyanga eziyishumi nambili zokuqala zokusebenza. Izinzwa ezingenazintambo zithole izinguquko ezincane kodwa ezingaguquki zokushisa kuma-hydraulic cylinder amaningana, okukhombisa ukuba khona kokuvuza kwangaphakathi emazingeni e-piston seal okungabonakali ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile okubonakalayo. Ngokuhlela ngokuqhubekayo ukushintshwa kwama-seal okuhlosiwe nokwakhiwa kabusha kwama-cylinder ngesikhathi sokulungisa okuhleliwe, umkhakha wagwema ukuvalwa okuphuthumayo okuningi okungaba yingozi futhi wathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini ngamaphesenti ayi-18. Inkampani futhi yabambisana nomkhiqizi okhethekile wama-hydraulic cylinder ukuze kufakwe ama-cylinder amadala okucindezela ngemiklamo yesimanje yama-seal kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo okumelana nokugqoka, okwathuthukisa ukusebenza isikhathi eside nokwethembeka. Leli cala eliphoqelelayo langempela libonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa ngobuhlakani ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bokuqapha nokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezinobuchwepheshe kunganikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu ezilinganisekayo zokusebenza kahle ezinomthelela ngqo emiphumeleni yezezimali. Umkhakha manje usebenza njalo ngokutholakala kwemishini okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-95, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-82 kuphela ngaphambi kokuthi kuqaliswe uhlelo oluphelele lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

Kusibonelo esinye esicacile, imboni enkulu yokucubungula ukudla yaxazulula ngempumelelo izinselelo ezingapheli zokusebenza kwemishini ngokushintsha ngokuphelele izinqubo zayo zokuthambisa kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukulungiswa kuyo yonke indawo. Imboni yathatha indawo yemikhuba yayo engahambisani yokuthambisa ngesandla yafaka uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokuthambisa oluletha amafutha anenani eliqondile kusetshenziswa amabheringi, amaketanga, namajoyinti ngezikhathi ezihleliwe ngaphandle kokungenelela komsebenzi. Lolu shintsho olulodwa lwaqeda kokubili inkinga yokuthambisa ngokweqile, okuheha izinto ezingcolile eziyingozi futhi kudale ukungcola, kanye nenkinga yokuthambisa ngokungenele, okusheshisa ukuguga futhi kunciphisa impilo yemishini. Imboni iphinde yasungula ubudlelwano besikhathi eside nomkhiqizi okhethekile wamaphayiphu e-hydraulic ukuze kube nokuhlolwa okuvamile kochwepheshe, ukushintshwa kwezivalo, kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha okuphelele kwezinhlelo zayo ezibalulekile zokulawula eziphethe imishini yokucubungula. Esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili kulandela le ntuthuko, imboni yehlisa izindleko zokulungisa ngamaphesenti angama-25 ngenkathi ikhulisa umkhiqizo ngamaphesenti ayi-12 ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokuma kanye nejubane elisheshayo lemigqa. Le miphumela ephathekayo, ebhaliwe ikhombisa ngamandla ukubaluleka kokuthatha indlela ehlelekile, eqhutshwa yidatha yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini kunokuthembela ezinyathelweni ezingezona ezihlelekile noma ezisabelayo.

Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini ekugcineni kuwuhambo oluqhubekayo oludinga ukuzibophezela okuqhubekayo kwenhlangano, ukutshalwa kwezimali okufanele, kanye nokuzimisela kwangempela ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezinqubo ezingcono zanamuhla kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo zokulandela lolu hambo zinkulu ngempela futhi zifinyelela kude, okuhlanganisa izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi, umkhiqizo ophezulu wokukhiqiza, ukwethembeka kwemishini okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokuncintisana okuthuthukisiwe ezimakethe zomhlaba ezinzima. Izinhlangano ezisanda kuqala lolu hambo kufanele ziqale ngokuhlola ngokuthembeka izinqubo zazo zamanje zokulungisa futhi zihlonze ngokucophelela imithombo ebaluleke kakhulu yokungasebenzi kahle emisebenzini yazo ethile. Ngemva kwalokho, kufanele zithuthukise uhlelo lokuthuthukisa olunezigaba olubhekana nokunqoba okusheshayo nokubuyiswa ngokushesha kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakhela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe besikhathi eside okufana nokuqapha kwe-IoT kanye nezinhlelo zokubikezela. Ukusebenzisana nabakhiqizi bemishini abanolwazi kanye nabahlinzeki bezingxenye ezikhethekile kungasheshisa kakhulu inqubekelaphambili futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi izixazululo zenzelwe ngokufanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza kanye nezithiyo. Emabhizinisini afuna ukwesekwa kochwepheshe okuphathelene ngqo nezinhlelo ze-hydraulic, ukuhlolaizinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezidingo ezithile ezivela ku-Jinan Yuande Machinery zinganikeza isiqalo esibalulekile nesisebenzayo sokuthuthukiswa okunengqondo.

Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kufanele kugxilwe ngokujulile emasikweni enhlangano njengomgomo oyinhloko wokusebenza, hhayi njengomsebenzi wesikhashana noma isinyathelo esenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile esinomkhawulo wokuphela. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi ezijwayelekile, ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza ngokuhlelekile namazinga emboni, kanye nokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe ngezikhathi ezithile kuzosiza izinkampani ukuthi zihlale ziphambili ezinseleleni ezivelayo futhi zisebenzise amathuba amasha njengoba evela. Ngokuphatha ukusebenza kahle kwemishini njengokubaluleka kwamasu okuqinisekisiwe okusekelwa izinsiza nokuhola kwabaphathi, izinhlangano zezimboni zingakha inzuzo eqhubekayo yokuncintisana ekhokha izinzuzo eziqhubekayo iminyaka namashumi eminyaka ezayo. Siyakhuthaza abafundi ukuthi babelane ngolwazi lwabo, izinselele, nezindaba zempumelelo esigabeni sokuphawula ngezansi ukuze umphakathi wezimboni obanzi ufunde ndawonye. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, izihloko zobuchwepheshe ezinemininingwane, nezibuyekezo ngezihloko zokusebenza kahle kwezimboni, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela i-ikhasi lezindaba zenkampani ukuze uthole izincwadi zakamuva kanye nezifundo ezenziwe ochwepheshe bomkhakha.